John F. Kennedy s Speech - 1361 Words

John F. Kennedy Kennedy’s inaugural speech was remembered in the lines â€Å"Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country†. Kennedy’s speech resounded all over the United States inspiring the American nation to change, prosper and grow. He reassured the citizens of their nation’s strength and gave the people a sense of security. As the 35th President of the United States, John F. Kennedy was known for many accomplishments such as the establishment of the Peace Corps, the commitment to land a man on the moon and the removal of missiles from Cuba. Despite his untimely death, he positively impacted the growth of the American nation socially, scientifically and politically. John F. Kennedy was responsible for establishing the Peace Corps. An organization that sends thousands of American volunteers around the world to help the needy. â€Å"After winning the presidency, one of Kennedy’s first acts was to establish the President’s tasks force on the Peace Corps† (Vestal). The establishment of the Peace Corps was an early highlight of Kennedy’s presidency. On October 14, 1960, Kennedy spoke to a crowd of students at the University of Michigan. He challenged these students to live and work in developing countries around the world and dedicate themselves to the cause of peace and development. â€Å"The Peace Corps was established by executive order on March 1, 1961, and a reluctant Shriver accepted the president’s request to officially lead theShow MoreRelatedJohn F. Kennedy s Speech1813 Words   |  8 Pageswere delivered by John F. Kennedy in West Berlin. His speech was viewed worldwide and brought national attenti on to the Berlin Crisis and the Cold War. Today, most people have heard about the speech, but may not know a whole lot about it. They may ask themselves the following questions: Who was John F. Kennedy? What was the message of the speech? What was going on in the United States or in the world at the time that made the speech important? What was the impact of the speech? This report of theRead MoreJohn F. Kennedy s Inaugural Speech2478 Words   |  10 PagesBeing number two on the list of top one hundred speeches in www.americanrhetoric.com, it is no surprise that John F. Kennedy’s Inaugural speech on January 20, 1961had a great impact on the American public (ar100). His speech is famous for it’s eloquence and ending call to action, challenging the American public to, â€Å"ask not what your country can do for you-ask what you can do for your country (JFK 1).† Traditionally, inaugural speeches are given to unify the nation and provide a clear picture ofRead MoreJohn F. Kennedy s Speech1378 Words   |  6 PagesOn January 20, 1961, John F. Kennedy gave what is arguably the most influential inaugural address in the history of the United States. With the shifting political and social dynamics in America during this time period, Kennedy knew that finding a common ground for everyone would be the best way to create peace and unity w ithin the nation. He directly speaks to foreign countries and citizens of the United States while sending the same message: the world should be striving for peace, and the responsiblyRead MoreJohn F. Kennedy s Speech1243 Words   |  5 Pagesinheriting a war amounted to a lot of pressure alone for John F. Kennedy. Many have questioned if John F. Kennedy was the man to lead the country. In order to answer that question he gave a memorable inaugural address to make his critiques rethink their doubts. Kennedy’s speech is known as one of the most powerful speeches because of his of rhetorical strategies. Of course being the youngest president there’s a ton of pressure on Kennedy but with all the pressure he still was able to show the wholeRead MoreJohn F. Kennedy s Speech871 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"John F. Kennedy was elected in 1960 as the 35th president of the United States. At 43-years-old JFK became the youngest man and the first Roman Catholic to hold that office.† President John F. Kennedy gave his inaugural address on Friday, January 20, 1961. In his speech he addresses many issues faced by society during that time, as well as today. Kennedy expresses his presidential intentions by saying â€Å"Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear anyRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of John F. Kennedy s Speech1405 Words   |  6 PagesThere are many things that a speech must contain to make it a well written and spoken speech. John F. Kennedy s speech he gave on September 12th 1962, titled â€Å"Address at Rice University on the Nation s Space Efforts†, better known as â€Å"We Choose to go to the Moon† contains many of the important factors of a successful speech. Kennedy used rhetorical strategies and skill s to help him influence the American people to help accomplish the major goal of reaching the moon. Kennedy did not only want to reachRead MoreJohn F Kennedy s Inaugural Speech947 Words   |  4 PagesJohn F Kennedy’s inaugural speech is widely considered one of the best speeches ever given. By the time Kennedy was elected, he had earned a degree from Harvard University, spent time in the Navy during the Second World War, and was already enjoying a successful political career serving in both houses of Congress. Kennedy delivered his eloquent inaugural speech to thousands of people on the steps of the Capitol building and millions more watching the broadcast on television which was the first toRead MoreThe John F. Kennedy s Speech On Civil Rights Movement Essay975 Words   |  4 PagesThe John F. Kennedy is 35th President of the United States was June 11, 1963 in work for Americans. On the country is White House in Oval Office from Washington, D.C. for history his Civil Righ ts Address. Kennedy wants to be announced and start a speech on civil rights Movement will explain about people in African American. The speech is history to tell of equality for African American with people in live were civil rights. We can show on notification for speak a television and some radio becauseRead MoreJfk s Rhetorical Masterpiece Of John F. Kennedy s Moon Speech Essay1118 Words   |  5 PagesLivingston English 1101 27 Sept. 2016 JFK’s Rhetorical Masterpiece John F. Kennedy’s â€Å"Moon Speech† is a rhetorical masterpiece, which painted a vivid picture of America’s upcoming role as being a world leader in space exploration. The 1962 â€Å"Moon speech† was delivered by John F. Kennedy at the Rice University stadium in the midst of the space race between the Soviet Union and the United States. Kennedy’s ultimate goal with the â€Å"Moon Speech† was to get the Nation on board to support the NASA space programRead MoreMy Fellow Americans: John F. Kennedy ´s Presidential Speech Analysis1028 Words   |  5 PagesLots of things were happening in 1960 with John F. Kennedy was to be the president of the United States of America. America is going through a period of where they are scared and worried about what is going on in the world around them. They needed a strong leader to turn them around and get them back on top. John F. Kennedy gave them just what they need to hear with his inauguration address . He spoke of helping others, working together and protecting are freedom at all cost. It was exactly what the

Social Media And The Internet - 1564 Words

Teens around the United States are all associated with social media and the Internet. Many years ago, before phones and computers were invented, simply going outside to play was a great way to spend time with friends and be entertained. Technology has evolved greatly since these days. Teens can communicate, post pictures, and search anything on the Internet nowadays. Although social media is a very big hit in this century, the real question is, is it safe? What does the use of social media and the Internet lead teens to do? Social media and the internet have caused teens to be violated and go missing, become addicted to drugs and alcohol, and even begin to have mental health problems due to cyber bullying. Teens need to be limited and monitored on all social media and the Internet to help keep them safe and away from the many bad influences it holds. Teens today find that most of their socializing is done over the Internet and social media. Anyone can search up a name or look up a ph oto of somebody and automatically talk to him or her behind the screen of a computer or phone. The safety of many teens is put in danger due to this ability they have. Not every human being who uses the Internet and social media has good intentions nor do they use it for the reasons that it is made for. Frank Kardasz part of the AICACTF (Arizona Internet Crimes Against Children Task Force) states while most people who use the social networking sites are probably friendly andShow MoreRelatedThe Internet And Social Media946 Words   |  4 PagesInternet and Social Media The advent of the Information Age linked people to one another, across vast expanses of geographic space through a simple home computer. While early home users paid per minute of access, the service providers quickly offered a set, monthly fee for access and continuously growing bandwidth availability to remain competitive as users started streaming videos, music, and live broadcasts. Along with entertainment and communication between people, the internet also offers neverRead MoreThe Internet And Social Media927 Words   |  4 PagesThe internet and social media instantly connects individuals anywhere in the world with each other. This instant connection can be beneficial to nurses in the workplace. It enables quicker communication between staff and is an unlimited resource of information for nurses and patients. The downside is that nurses have to be careful of what they put online. Social media can be a great tool to improve patient care when used appropriately. An article titled To Tweet or not to Tweet? Nurses, Social MediaRead MoreSocial Media And The Internet Essay1362 Words   |  6 PagesSocial media and the internet have changed the way people in the music industry do business, along with how people in society receive music. People in the music industry have had to reevaluate everything that they have done in the past, in order to adapt to how things are now. Artists are now taking control of their own careers; because of that major labels are not making as much money as they did before. Through the internet and social media artists have been releasing there own music on sitesRead MoreThe Internet And Social Media1437 Words   |  6 Pagescontinues. The internet and various social media have been changing the arena in which people communicate with each other. People use the internet to interact with various individuals all over the world. The internet has bridged the gap between communicating with individuals as they connect with family, friends and other individuals in society. As individuals embraces the evolution of technology, there are multiple ways individuals can communicate with each other. Social media has been theRead MoreThe Internet and Social Media1212 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Internet, technology has vastly changed the way we live and communicate. This technological revolution we have gone through has brought about many new things into our daily lives. The birth of social media has completely changed technology, and they way we use it. We can now communicate with each other from anywhere around the world. We can update people on our current location. We can have a conversation over text. We can inform people exactly what we are doing at any given time. Social mediaRead MoreThe Internet And Social Media Essay2046 Words   |  9 Pagesconnection where a person’s access to the internet is limited only by whether they have an internet ready device. The internet has allowed users to freely and effortlessly communicate with each other across the globe. This has opened up new and exciting prospects including forming friends aboard, creating a personal blog and competing in online games with people from other countries. It is estimated that around 2.95 billion people around the world use social media web-sites. In the United States (US)Read MoreSocial Media And The Internet1866 Words   |  8 Pagestelevisions, and in the past few decades, the internet. According to History.com, in 1965, the first connection between two computers was made, and many advances occurred until the web we know today was birthed in 1991 by a swiss man named Tim Berners-Lee. This is when the world wide web, that WWW that appears on almost every URL, began to take shape, and where people could access an array of information. The internet seems to be the culmination of all these social media communication inventions. There areRead MoreInternet Usage Of Social Media1144 Words   |  5 PagesOVERVIEW: Internet usage has become a heavily integrated and important characteristic of current and contemporary society. It would be rare to meet anyone who has not yet used any aspect of the Internet. In fact, according to the article, Social Media Update 2016 written by Shannon Greenwood, Andrew Perrin, and Maeve Duggun of the Pew Research center, â€Å"86% of Americans are currently internet users† (Greenwood et al.) This percentage includes teenagers, emerging adults, and adults. Below are observationsRead MoreThe Rise Of The Internet And Social Media974 Words   |  4 Pagesheart of marketing, the core function is to create and deliver value to the consumer. The rise of the internet has seen the rise of the global consumer. Meaning businesses are not restricted by geographical location, increasing the speed and amount of potential customers within markets, presenting both a challenge and an opportunity for marketers. However since the rise of the internet and soc ial media, Poiesz and van Raaij (2007) state that in increasingly crowded markets, and increasingly sophisticatedRead MoreThe Emergence Of The Internet And Social Media1079 Words   |  5 PagesThe emergence of the Internet and social media has had a tremendous impact on the theory and practice of advertising, public relations and marketing disciplines. Advertising spending on the Internet has outpaced all other traditional media (Center for Media Research, 2004). In the last two years, the number of social networking tools and the number of people using those tools have exploded, thus the rules are constantly changing and there is considerable uncertainty on how to employ these tools from

Martin Guerre Free Essays

The book â€Å"Martin Guerre† written by Natalie Zemon Davis’ is about a French peasant of the 16th century, who was at the core of an eminent case of masquerade.   Natalie Zemon Davis is a historian and an American feminist of early contemporary France. Her major interests are in cultural and social history particularly of those formerly disregarded by the historians. We will write a custom essay sample on Martin Guerre or any similar topic only for you Order Now In her book she discusses about the peasant life because according to her the most striking think about peasant life in sixteenth century, France was that marriage was primarily an economic and business relationship. It seemed to be used simply to unite familial lands and provide continuity in the family. Even though most, if not the entire, would presume the lives of peasants are unimportant in the superior system of things, the admired tale of Martin Guerre gives details of workers or peasants creating important, life-altering verdicts founded on egotism. The individual existance of the peasants does make a distinction. The author Natalie Zemon Davis narrates the story of peasants take care of themselves and seldom do they permit others to get in the way with their own aims, ambitions and objectives. She tries to fill in the fissure of the narrative with her personal view and opinion; even though, her judgment at times opposes the contemporaries of the tale. Numerous sources utilized by Natalie Davis are reasonably sound; but, several other sources elevate queries of their own genuineness and deep feeling. The novelist also takes a cavernous look into the lives of the peasants to investigate what coerces them and what so fervently fuels their idiosyncratic desires. The book details the life of the peasants in not only one specific place, but also details the customs of numerous places such as Hendaye, Artigat, and the court at Rieux in a contrast/compare style. It builds a world of stairs where those on the lowest rung are always looking somewhere higher up, yet they are always able to keep a taut rein on their lives. The characters of this tale are brought to a startling realism and gives details of every possible thought and action that could have led them down the path that they chose, and even speculates on alternatives to the choice they made. The author shows the life of the real Martin Guerre as full of regret and disgust at things gone wrong. His wife, Bertrande de Rols, is expressed as a manipulator that is always weighing her options and scheming to rise ahead. Subsequently, there is Arnaud du Tilh; without his appearance, no story would have likely taken place because it took a man of his shrewdness and his love of vice to create such a fantastical plot. Despite the fact that Arnaud was â€Å"the man for whom [Bertrande] felt†¦a great and joyous passion† (Davis 1983), she couldn’t stay contentedly with him. She was a very strong catholic who could not accept â€Å"the shadow of sin and danger which accompanied [Arnaud]†(Davis 1983), even though he made her happier than Martin ever could or would have. In an era where women were indeed oppressed in a male-dominated society, it is understandable that a woman like Bertrande would have feelings of anger towards her oppressors. It is certain that she feels anger and a kind of hatred towards Arnaud, saying that â€Å"[she] has not demanded his death, but now [she] must demand it† (Davis 1983). It is possible that Arnaud is ‘copping the brunt’ of all of her hardships that came about after Martin left her. A person might think that Bertrand’s triumph would at last bestow her liberty and trustworthiness. On the contrary, she is given the opposed â€Å"harsh, solitary justice†. No one in actual fact cares that she was true, and no one tries to stop her at the time she goes away. If ethical impartiality had been attained, she (Bertrande) would not have been in the place where she ended up. Frances and Joseph Geis elucidate comprehensively the traditions of family and matrimony during the 16th century. In the middle Ages, the majority of the peasants did not have proper matrimonial vows performed in church. As an alternative, they promise (or vow) to each other to reside as ordinary and bylaw wife and husband. Ceremony was not compulsory because peasants did not possess land; they worked on the property of the aristocracy as occupant cultivators or farmers. Matrimonial customs transformed in the 16th   century due to the peasant’s capability to possess property, due to which parents persevered on having further control over their progeny’s matrimonial options. â€Å"Love may do much, but money more.† This was a popular proverb among peasants in 16th century France. This quote characterizes peasant life in all aspects and the same has been described in the book. Though the world offered much to its citizens, the peasants always wanted more; they wanted more money, which would in turn, provide more power. Whatever is beneficial to them, they seek without regards as to the effects it would have on others. In this age of France, trade between villages and towns was bountiful. This emphasis put on business reveals the peasant motto â€Å"but money more†; many believed trading would bring them, greater riches and opportunity. Marriage was a major vessel used by peasants, by which they sought out power and wealth. One such example is the marriage of Bertrande de Rols and Martin Guerre. The Guerre’s attempted to use their son, Martin, to make connections with a significant, prominent family in the society of Artigat. They hoped that this new bonding would help them make vital connections to a higher class of peasant. Although it was shunned by most in the Catholic Church and by attorneys consensual marriage was legal and only required the bride and groom to agree on it. It was usually eschewed because it did not give the families any voice in the matter. However, most marriages were arranged by the parents. The main purpose of the marriage was to produce children; love was not a factor. The more children (especially males) a family has, the greater fortune it will likely bring to the family. A childless marriage was grounds for a divorce at this time; without children, a marriage, in essence, has no purpose. Many people simply did not find that their present situation was going well. Many departed themselves from reality by joining the army (this was common due to the current war between France and Spain). Others did not take such a drastic step; they simply picked up everything they owned and moved to a new village to start a new life in hopes of better fortune. Around this time, as ideas moved about rather swiftly due to peasant migration, Protestantism arose to challenge the authority of Catholicism. Peasants broke into church buildings and smashed images of the saints and other artwork. Protestantism found its fuel in its central doctrines: such as scripture being open to individual interpretation. Peasants saw these doctrines as loopholes and alternatives to the harsh, Catholic teachings. The courts, at this time, were attempting to instill the public with more conservative decisions that would favor marriage to divorce and put an emphasis on the familial unit, especially the children; this they did in hopes of ending decisions based solely on self-interest. There are scenarios where execution is used as a form of punishment for adultery. Davis accentuates the generalities of medieval life in France and also provides particularities, such as the property of Pansette staying within his family instead of going to the king, as was the custom. A desire to attain one’s own interests so eagerly is proven repeatedly by Davis as though she is obviously attempting to lead us in that direction by her outlook on this part of the past. BIBLIOGRAPHY Davis, Natalie, The Return of Martin Guerre, Harvard University Press, 1983, ISBN, 0 14 00,7593 3 Original Literary Source Lewis, Janet. Retour de Martin Guerre, Le       How to cite Martin Guerre, Essay examples

Role of Financial Institutions †a Case Study over Ifci free essay sample

The paper analyses the real effect of the role of the IFCI (Industrial Finance Corporation of India) as a financial institution in Indian market. Here the whole data used for this case study is of secondary data. And this case study explains the need of the establishment of IFCI, how it is helping business and other sectors of our economy. The major findings in data form are the functions of IFCI and its promotional activities. The research paper Provides the information about the financial help provide by the IFCI Industry wise which was 44169. 2 crores , product wise for last 5 years. And its financial performance for 2007-2008 and 2009-10 also studied. This research paper is a case study paper of IFCI. Introduction In, India various financial institutions were set up after independence only. The government of India has taken steps to set up institutions. Which assist various sectors of the economy? At present the country has 12 institutions as the national level and 46 at the state level. We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Financial Institutions – a Case Study over Ifci or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At the time of the independence there was need for the specialized institutes for the meeting the long term finance of industries. The capital market was not properly developed in India. After Second World War there was a need for renovation and restructuring of industry. Then the Government of India cam forward to set up the Industrial Finance corporation of India (IFCI) in July 1948 under a special Act. Since July 1, 1993 the corporation has been converted into a company and it has been given the status of a ltd. Company with the name Industrial Finance corporations Of India Ltd. Objective of study:- †¢The basic objective of this paper is to find out the real contribution in data form of IFCI in the growth and development of our economy. †¢And the second one is to get that weather this rate of help to economy is increasing day by day or with which pace. †¢To find out the role of IFCI in Indian financial system. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem. It may be understood as a science of studying how research is done scientifically. In it we study the various steps that are generally adopted by a researcher in studying his research problem along with logic behind him. Why a research study has been undertaken, how a research problem has been defined, in what way and why the hypothesis has been formulated, what data have been collected and what particular method has been adopted, why particular technique of analyzing data has been used. Data sources: the sources of data are properly secondary data sources. Through magazines, business journals and literatures at is collected. Management of IFCI The corporation has 13 members Board of Directors, including Chairman. The Chairmans appointed by Government of India after consulting Industrial Development Bank of India. He works on a whole time basis and has tenure of 3 years. Out of the 12 directors, four are nominated by the IDBI, two by scheduled banks, two by co-operative banks and two by other financial institutions like insurance companies, investment trusts, etc. Abnormally nominates three outside persons as directors, who are experts in the fields of industry, labour and economics, the fourth nominee is the Central Manager of IDBI. The Board meets once in a month. It frames policies by keeping in view the interests of industry, commerce and general public. The Board acts as per the instructions received from the government and IDBI. The Central Government reserves the power up to the Board and appoints a new one in its place. Financial resources of IFCI Share capital:- around 1068 crores capital is there with the IFCI †¢Bonds and Debentures: a figure of Rs. 57. 69 crores 1971 and rose rs. 15366. 5 crores as on 31 march 2008 †¢Borrowings: it borrows from government and IDBI and other financial institutions . Borrowings were around 22866 crores including the investment of Rs. 3820. 3 crores. Priority Criterion for Investments IFCI plans its financing policies as per the priorities set by the government through industrial policy statement. The industries which are in high priority are given more importance. Following are the considerations which are taken in to account:- 1. Importance of the project for the national economy. 2. Employment oriented and labour- intensive nature of the project. 3. Export potential of the unit. 4. Projects located in the backward areas or no industry districts 5.

A Lovers Quarrel Essays - Quarrel, , Term Papers

A Lover's Quarrel A Lover's Quarrel is a poem about two lovers who had a very special and unique bond. They would spend endless days together, happy and flirting completely in love. It explains the details of their romance. They would embrace, and Browning spoke of how beautiful she was. Then, the poem turns for the worst and things went badly for the couple. A fight occurred and Browning missed her so. Three months before hand, all went wrong. The exact theme was the deterioration of a happy and perfect couple. How one could go from being joyous to being depressed and miserable. There was use of literary devices used in this poem. One of which was simile. "Paven smooth as a hermit's cell;" This is a clear demonstration of how soft and caring his lover was. Metaphor was also used in the following quote: "Foul be the world or fair" is comparing the evil and hatred of the world to the same feeling which Browning possessed after he and his lover quarrelled. This links to Profyria's Lover because both the two poems conclude in being without the other lover. Though their love for one another was deep and profound, the endings were both not terminating in being happy together.

Congressional Profile essays

Congressional Profile essays In these troubling times we turn to Congress to answer much of the political uncertainty that is presented to us on our TV screens every night. In order for us to understand what Congress is doing we must first understand the people who represent us in Congress. The Congressional profile is extremely interesting. We have 100 Senators and 435 Representatives who come from all aspects of life. The Democratic Party is the majority party in the Senate and holds 50 seats. The Republican party is the minority in the Senate and holds 49 seats. The only other party represented in the Senate is the Independent party1. Out of all of the Democrats in the Senate 40 are men and 10 are women. And out of all of the Republicans in the Senate 45 are men and 3 are women2. This disproportionate number of male senators to female senators is amazing considering the number of women in politics. The one member of the Independent Party, Senator James Jeffords of Vermont, caucuses with the Democratic Party, thus giving the Democrats the majority in the Senate3. Minorities in the senate are also underrepresented. There are three Asian-American senators: Daniel K. Inouye (D-Hawaii) and Daniel K. Akaka (D-Hawaii). There is one Native American Senator, Ben Nighthorse Campbell (R-Colorado)4. It is interesting to note that the only Asian American senators are from Hawaii. It also interesting to note that, despite the fact that they are the largest minorities in the US, there are no African American or Hispanics senators5. Women are also underrepresented in the Senate. There are 13 total senators, 3 Republican and 10 Democrat. The three Republican senators are Kay Bailey Hutchison of Texas, Olympia Jean Snowe of Maine, and Susan Collins of Maine. The 10 Democratic senators are Barbara Mikulski of Maryland, Dianne Feinstein of California, Barbara Boxer of California, Patty Murray of Washington, Mary Landrieu of Louisiana, Blanche Lincoln of...

International Trade Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

International Trade - Case Study Example The new service plan is that of the sports caf where football matches will be telecasted. The premises of the caf, the uniform of the attendants and the menu will speak out the theme clearly and loudly. The target marketing has revealed a niche audience with love for football. The company introducing the service is Interfresh Ltd - entertainment unlimited. The environment, even though it is going through recession, is favoring the opening of a sports caf. The SWOT analysis has highlighted that the caf has the opportunity of playing many other sports when it reaches the maturity stage and thus extending its maturity. The marketing objectives are that of awareness and creating and keeping profitable customers for the life of the caf. The marketing strategies will involve above-the-line and below-the-line marketing activities. The marketing objectives for the sports caf are that of awareness of the caf and the special characteristics that it possesses. Whether it is above-the-line or below-the-line marketing activities, both are used to ensure that awareness is spread and excitement is generated within people. Therefore, marketing strategies are formed in ways which will fulfill the marketing objectives, given the budget that was decided. The marketing strategies encompass creating customers, keeping customers and ensuring that customers are profitable. (George, 1981) Target Customers The intended target market is the football lovers. These people are in huge numbers and are especially prominent when the football season is going on. Huge numbers of people go crazy when football world cup starts, choosing teams to hoot for and players to die for. Service Positioning In the Market The product positioning is that of a very informal, casual caf, where along with great food, the customers will get unlimited entertainment, where they will be able to watch sports at all times. Thus, such positioning is bound to make a permanent place in the minds of the consumers. COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES UNDERLYING THE OPPORTUNITY The opportunity of opening up a sports caf has a comparative advantage for the company. The company is based in Zimbabwe, where the people are not too fond of sports as compared to people in other parts of the world. Thus, opening this business for another target market in some other country where people have a passion for sports is one of the comparative advantages that the opportunity has for the company Interfresh Ltd. COMPARISON OF THE POTENTIAL MARKET SIZE The customers are niche market that is those people who love football and who visit the caf for the prime purpose of watching the match in the caf. The market size is considerably high and the growth in the market is good as well because many children each year grow big enough to understand the game of football and becoming football crazy, thus enlarging the target market of the caf. ESTIMATED START-UP COSTS Costs There needs to be 20 attendants in the caf, all dressed in football gear or wearing the shirts of famous football players. The major costs of the caf will be the design and making of this gear as well as the periodic maintenance of this gear

The Big Stick by Roosevelt Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Big Stick by Roosevelt - Article Example He believed in a poise of power between the world’s powerful nations as he saw peace as a recipe for stronger fiscal growth and stability. In the Monroe doctrine, he emphasized the American control of the western parts of the globe. Through this doctrine, he placed measures that would curb prying on the US by the European entities (Morgan, 2004). President Taft assumed the reins of influence in 1909. Having been a â€Å"secretary of war†, he was experienced in dealing with global power brokers like Japan (Morgan, 2004). However, once he assumed authority, he broke away from the Roosevelt’s foreign policy of using military might to foster economic development. He focused on investments placed in distant entities. He encouraged Americans to invest in foreign countries where America had interest, notably the Far East. He believed that large foreign presence in the oversea countries would help forge appropriate coexistence among related entities. This led the massive foreign investments abroad and thus the name the â€Å"big dollar policy† (Morgan, 2004). His continued economic investment in China found paths into Japanese areas of interest. This annoyed the Japanese and led to the treaty with Russia to stop the provision of US goods from their markets. The single term that Taft served was short and characte rized by massive economic progress (Morgan, 2004). However, Taft lacked the balance of influence and sturdy headship drawn by Roosevelt on the international front. His strict nature created enemies both within the congress and within the republican groupings. Significant proportions of republicans perceived Taft as a timid individual. Such a notion together with constant infighting caused him the presidency in 1912 (Morgan, 2004).

Finance and accounting Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Finance and accounting - Case Study Example The WACC reflects the aggregate cost to the financial institution with regard to the company. It is the value that represents the total return that is required by equity or debt holders against the investment in the firm. The risk free-rate is the interest rate charged on the treasury bonds to reflect the bonds of the government as the price that is risk-free. The beta of the firm measures the risk of the stock and was taken based on the average of the industry. The average beta factor that is used is 0.78. The additional information that facilitated the qualification include the working capital averagely 28.1%, the risk-free interest 4.25% respect to a tax shield of 40% and cost of equity 7.79%. The above information facilitated the computation of WACC which in this case is 8.33% in the excel file. Cash flows are computed by EBIT (1-Tax rate) + Depreciation – Net working capital. We shall consider using the average present value so the Future Cash flows are discounted by using equity cost of capital. For discounting the terminal value, the WACC is used considering that after 5 years, the company leverage ratio will be constant and in conforming with the competitors in the industry. The present value of equity affiliates is computed by multiplying it with the average price to Earnings ratio. The un-levered cost of capital for computation of the firm is 7.37%. Because dividend to earnings ratio is changing from one year to the other, the adjusted present value is the best method for valuation of the firm.

Lahore Electric Supply Company (LESCO) Structure

Lahore Electric Supply Company (LESCO) Structure 2.0 OVERVIEW OF LAHORE ELECTRIC SUPPLY COMPANY (LESCO) PAKISTAN 2.1 History The electricity supply service in Pakistan, initially, was undertaken by different agencies, both in public and private sectors in different areas. In order to provide for the unified and coordinated development of the water and power resources, Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) was created through WAPDA Act, 1958. In 1994, Government of Pakistan approved the strategic plan of restructuring and privatization of power sector. As a result, power wing of WAPDA was unbundled into twelve companies for generation, transmission and distribution of electricity. Lahore Electric Supply Company (LESCO) was formed in March, 1998 with the aim of commercialization and eventually privatization. 2.2 Region-wise Segmentation LESCO holds the Distribution license from National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (NEPRA) to supply electricity in the areas that covers Civil Districts of Lahore, Kasur, Okara and Sheikupura. It serves over 2,000,000 customers 24 hours a day, 365 days per annum. In order to provide un-interrupted electric supply and quality service to customers, LESCO has divided its jurisdictional area into six distribution operation Circles. 2.3 Organizational Structure According to Balle, M (1996) organizations represent systems, not just structures. They are composed of interdependent people who rely on another for work-someone starts it, someone delivers it to the customer- for relationships and for self-realization. Likewise, in LESCO Superintending Engineer looks after the affairs of the whole Circle as being an incharge through functional/administrative control over various Divisional and Sub-Divisional Engineers including their liaisoning offices (WAPDA, 2000). However, Figure 1 shows the organizational structure of LESCO as being the focus of this study. 3.0 A SUMMARIZED VIEW OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN LESCO As, defined in the mission statement of LESCO that the primary goal is to supply the un-interrupted electricity and quality services to all category of consumers at the minimum possible cost (Mission, 2009). Keeping in view the mission statement, major milestone was set for LESCO Main Computer Centre to computerize electricity billing and collection procedures, which was met through in house development of billing and collection software. A brief note on each of these systems is as follows: 3.1 General Description of Billing System Meter reading and billing are carried out over all available days in a month in a complete cycle process in order to provide service to different categories of customers. Meter reading lists are prepared in advance by LESCO Main Computer Centre Lahore and its sub-centre at Sheikupura, which provide services to Sheikupura Circle only. They are sent to the liaison Divisional Office that is Revenue Office, who arranges for meter readings to be entered on the lists by the meter reading staff in the Sub- Divisional Office, follow up meter readings are prepared manually in Sub-Divisions. After entry of the readings, the meter reading lists are returned to the Revenue Office where the control records over the computer billing are maintained. After entry in the Revenue Office computer Records the meter reading lists are collected together in a batch file for each sub-division. The batch files are then passed to the LESCO Computer Centres on a storage device for further processing. Consumerâ €™s bills are prepared in the Computer Centres and sent to the Revenue Office for distribution to consumers through Bill Distributors, who are under the control of Sub-Divisional Officer (WAPDA, 2000). Figure 2 shows the block diagram of the system. Figure 2— Block Diagram of Billing System Director Customer Services Billing Schedule Computer Centres VAX 4000Server/VMS/COBOL Revenue Office (Computer Section) Printed Reading Lists and other reports Batch files alongiwth updated Meter Reading lists Sub-Divisional Office Printed Reading Lists and other Reports Manually updated Meter Reading Lists MIS Reports Source: Developed for this report The following reports, lists and notices are also forwarded by the Computer Centres to Divisional and Sub-Divisional Engineers for taking appropriate decision/action (WAPDA, 2000): Customers’ assessment list showing the charges on each bill along with running total and also the total number of consumers connected, temporarily disconnected and with equipment removed in each batch. Disconnection notices, which are sent to the consumers, who have not paid their bills by due date. Each Month Computer Centre prepares analysis of energy sales by Tariffs for each feeder, each Sub-Division and Division and analysis of outstanding debts showing arrears by Tariffs and age. Feeder wise line losses for reach Sub-Division 3.2 General Description of Collection System Customers pay their current bills, Demand Notices for new electricity connections and reconnection fee for restoration of disconnected supply to the specified banks and post offices. The bank/post office receives the bill or Demand Notice, enters the receipt on the Banks scroll, and retains the counterfoil. Banks daily sends a copy of bank scroll and counterfoils to the Revenue Office. The Revenue Office Accounts section checks the bill counterfoils to the bank scroll for any discrepancy/error. The scrolls and counterfoils are then sent daily to the LESCO Computer Centres and where each consumer’s payment is processed by the Computer into the Consumers ledger database. The Computer supplies a total of cash posted to each billing batch and total of unidentified cash, new connection/ reconnection fees and other receipts, to reconcile with the total of all bank scroll for each Division. However, in the event of difference not being discovered during this check Computer Centres wi ll process the amount shown on the counterfoils and return the scroll to the Revenue Office for re-checking and verification. Moreover, the bank branch remit the amounts collected to collection account in their local head offices as designated by LESCO and send a copy of the bank statement to the Revenue Office indicating total money received during the week and money remitted to the Head Office Collection Account each week and at the end of each month. The Revenue Office Account Section reconciles the bank statement with the report forwarded by the Computer Centre and sends a copy of reconciliation to the LESCO’s Finance Director (WAPDA, 2000). 3.3 Recent Improvements in the Payment Channels of Collection System Electricity bill payment was very tedious task as customers had to stand outside banks for an extended period of time due to manual procedures of payment. Also, there were issues such as bank timings and delays in remittance processing. Realizing the need to resolve the quality of service to customers, Chief Executive Officer LESCO decided to explore the payment channels. LESCO Computer Centre took the initiative and proposed a plan for starting e-service and printing of machine readable electricity bills. Accordingly, the system was formally launched from March, 1995. At present, 355 branches in LESCO are equipped with this system collecting about 25% of bills. However, the bills are paid at designated bank branches, post office and retail stores as usual, but with a technical difference. The bills are scanned by the cashier using a barcode scanner just like a retail store cashier does for grocery items. With a single scan, all the information encoded in the barcode is instantly tra nsferred to the software. In this way, bank cashiers can generate daily/monthly scrolls and collection summary (Collection, 2009). Figure 3 shows the cashier user-interface of the cash collection software. Also, the customer can deposit electricity bill using LESCO’s website, wherein he/she is required to login by providing his/her unique electricity bill reference number. Thereafter, s/he will enter the debit/credit card information for making the payment, which is then referred to the Card Processor for verification and charging. If the card got validated the amount will be credited to the consumer account and transaction will be committed to the database. And online receipt is provided to the consumer for printing(Collection, 2009). Figure 4 shows the network diagram of current collection system. As, depicted in Figure 4 the collection data from Banks is transferred to online servers on daily basis using a simple internet connection. Alternatively, if no internet connection is available a collection file may be generated and carried on a portable media. Hence, the billing data is uploaded to the online server whenever it experiences any change. Customers are able to access true online web-based services at the company website, which includes the following: Viewing monthly bills Printing duplicate bills Payment Consumption Payment history Account Status 3.4 Payroll Information System Payroll of various departments of LESCO is prepared by the Computer Centre on monthly basis. Master files for officers and staff are maintained separately. Data relating to each employee of a particular department is stored on respective master file. The Payroll Master File contains one record for each employee. The main attributes of payroll data are: Department Code Employee Code Processing Code Name Designation Station Code Pay Account Head Conveyance Allowance Medial Allowance code Income Tax Deduction Union Fund Deduction GPF Number GPF Deduction voluntary contribution National Tax Number Type of Advance Total Amount of Advance Bank Branch Code Bank Account Type The records in the File are maintained sequentially (Sorted on Department Code and Employee Code). Data is received from various departments on prescribed Performas by the coordination section of Computer Centre. The Data coded in these Performas can be New Addition of an employee’s payroll data, a Change in an existing record or deletion of an existing record. Figure 5 shows the Data Flow diagram of the Payroll System. Emp. File Pay Rates Employee Validation Check Compute Gross Produce Cheque Compute. Net Pay Determine Deductions Tax Table Personal Data Account Rerecord Payments and Deductions S.S Data Figure 5— Data Flow Diagram of Payroll System Source: Courtesy of MIS Department, LESCO Data is entered into the Computer through the Entry Machines by the Key Punch Operator. After Entry an edit List is prepared through edit listing program. This List is thoroughly checked by the Data Coordinators with the actual data on input Performas and the punching or coding errors are removed. Any change, addition of new record or deletion of existing record is intimated by the concerned department to Computer Centre on prescribed Performas. Using this data, Master files of officers and staff are updated. After updation, different types of output reports are prepared, which includes: Payroll Listing Listing of different types of schedules Account Head wise Summary Pay Slips Bank Summary Etc Reports are sent to respective departments after through checking. Also, every year in the first week of December when Payroll processing for the month of November has been completed the annual increments are assigned to the Pay of each employee in accordance their respective scale of pay. A Pay Fixation list is prepared prior to the running of Pay Increment step which shows Current Basic Pay with the addition of one increment. This department wise list is sent to each department for checking verification. If any department wants to hold the increment of an employee then the action is taken accordingly. 3.5 Management Reporting Systems At LESCO Computer headquarter; two Alpha 2100 computers equipped with Alpha processors have been installed. These computers are being optimally utilized to assist in timely analysis, generating vital information for the top management. For instance, division-wise computerized receivables reporting and monitoring system providing twenty different arrears analysis reports have been expanded to provide tariff wise information as well. These reports have also been further extended to support monitoring at the sub division level. Moreover, Performance data monitoring report reflecting various types of billing, consumers’ statistics and line losses monitoring system (Technology, 2009). 4.0 CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS EMPLOYED BY LESCO Information System (IS) is defined as an organized combination of people, hardware, software, communications networks, and data resources that stores and retrieves, transforms, and disseminates information in an organization. Importance of information management is highlighted by the fact that in addition to capital, labor and land, primary factors of production also include material, energy and information. As, the world is making a rapid transition from an industrial society to a service-driven economy, information is becoming the catalyst for economic development and change. In view of above, it may be argued that effective Information Systems play a vital and expanding role in business activities, practices and processes. Furthermore, business professionals rely on variety of information systems that uses various Information Technologies, which refers to the various software and hardware components necessary for the system to operate(). In short, computer-based-information system s use the following technologies:- Computer hardware technologies Computer software technologies Telecommunications network technologies Data resource management technologies Moreover, rapid advances in Information Technology (IT) are likely to result in shifts away from traditional role for both the IT professional and the Information users. A new generation of skilled users will participate in the development of mission critical applications and the IT department will move from a centralized repository and control of information into the business function areas as client-server technologies replacing main frames. the 21st century Chief Information Officer (CIO ) will be expected to enhance the value of information at multiple points along the value chain and his/her responsibility will extend far beyond the traditional boundaries of the IT department. Indeed, the CIO will be required to exercise leadership across the width and breadth of the enterprise. From the forgoing discussion, it can fairly be deduced that the role of IT department has moved from one of technical implementation to strategic planning and from reactive support of business to driving innovation and competitive advantage. There is natural decay of business processes over a period of time because systems are designed years ago when both the organization and available technology were very different from today. Likewise, if Billing System of LESCO is analyzed from today’s technology perspective then it has become a legacy system and no more delivering optimal performance and quality service to its internal/external customers due to manual procedures involved. Site-visit reading of residential power , water, and gas meters is a tedious, inconvenient and prone to human error. Moreover, it is not always guaranteed that the consumer will be present when utility personnel visit to read meter readings. It is possible in such case that utility personnel will estimate consumption inaccurately, which later may lead to consumer dissatisfaction. The recent advances in metering technology, mobile networks, and internet services have resulted in the proposal and development of measurement techniques, billing, and energy management systems. As, many utilities are implementing automated meter reading (AMR) systems. In addition to meter reading, AMR can be used in the power restoration process. While others have advanced the concept of AMR systems by proposing potential metering communication services using the wireless mobile public networks for measuring and billing system. 5.0 IT Technology Deployed by LESCO Hardware Components LESCO is using VAX 4000 minicomputers (midrange) for centralized processing of data in various Information Systems. Experts believe that many midrange and mainframe systems have become obsolete by the power and versatility of client/server networks composed of microcomputers and servers. Others industry experts have predicted that the emergence of network computers the on internet and intranets will replace many personal computers, especially in large corporations (). Software technologies Most the software packages for the Information Systems as described above are developed in COBOL structured language. However, modern applications are built in using Object Oriented languages such as Java, C++, and VB.Net etc. Network Technologies As shown in Figure 4, In LESCO mainframe-based network with many end user terminals are deployed for centralized processing of data, which has recently been linked with Application and Online Web server for handling payment channels of customers. Moreover, in Billing and Collection System batch files created in Revenue Office Computer Section are delivered by special messengers on a portable media to LESCO Computer Centers for centralized processing. However, wireless Wide Area Networks (WAN) can be used alongwith client/server technology to handle the geographically distant processing and network communications. Database Technologies LESCO has designed its database structures in COBOL language, which is a traditional flat file system. As, there are many anomalies associated related to management of flat file such as redundancy of data, complex operations for retrieval of reports, more storage, time and cost etc. Whereas, modern Database Management Systems based on relational and object oriented techniques are very efficient and free from such complexities and errors. 6.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Integration of IT and Customer Service E-service provides a unique opportunity for businesses to offer new models for service design strategies and new service development. While e-service has rewritten many of the rules of customer engagement, it has not fundamentally changed the fact that a key component of service delivery is building and maintaining strong customer relationships. What is important therefore, in adopting IT-based computer based customer service functions, is ensuring that the technology used, enhances rather than undermines the relationship between the customer and the company. The interface between customer and company is critical. With specific reference to web-sties, Meister et al (2000), point out that one of the major challenges of e-service is balancing the greater customization, which typically results in more complex Web sites, with a simple, accessible and easy to use Web interface. Also, the companies that keep track of customer’s individual preferences keep up with market trends, supp ly products, services and information anytime, anywhere, and provide customer services tailored to individual needs. And so, Internet technologies can make customers the focal point of customer relationship management (CRM). Today many companies are implementing customer relationship management (CRM) business initiatives and information systems as part of customer focused strategy to improve their chances for success in the contemporary business environment. CRM that uses IT to integrates and automates many of the customer-serving processes in sales, marketing, and customer services, push the company ahead in competition with other competitors. Furthermore, CRM systems include a family of software modules that provides the tools that enable a business and its employees to provide fast, convenient, dependable and consistent service to its customers. E-Service in LESCO A review of the e-service started by LESCO to facilitate the customers regarding electricity bill payment and other allied services reveals that LESCO is at an early stage in the development and implementation of a complete e-service strategy. However, they have taken a radical step to improve the bill payment channels in order to improve the customer services in this respect. As, it has already been discussed that computer based information systems rely on Information Technology. Therefore, a time to time up gradation of the technology employed by LESCO in Information Systems is essential to keep pace with the rapidly changing IT environment. 7.0 REFERENCES Khuller, A., 2006. Quarterly Newsletter of the Sari/Energy Small Grants Program with Support from USAID. Vol. X, April 2006 Available at: http: //www.sari-energy.org/PageFiles/WhatWeDo/SmallGrants/ newsletter.asp [Cited: 13 July, 2009] Segmentation, 2009. The Organization,  Available at: http://www.lesco.gov.pk/Organization/1000077.asp  [Cited: 13 July, 2009] WAPDA, 2000. WAPDA Book of Commercial Procedures-Computer Billing, Vol. II, 6th Eidition, Nov 2000. WAPDA Printing Press, Lahore. Organogram, 2009. Organization Structure at LESCO Headquarter,  Available at : http://www.lesco.gov.pk/Organization/1010001.asp [Cited: 13 July, 2009] Mission, 2009. Mission Statement,  Available at: http://www.lesco.gov.pk/Organization/1000086.asp [Cited:13 July, 2009] Collection, 2009. Management Information System,  Available at: http://www.lesco.gov.pk/Organization/1020002.asp [Cited: 13 July,2009] Technology, 2009. Information Technology in WAPDA,  Available at: http://www.wapda.gov.pk/htmls/infotech-index.html [Cited: 13 July,2009] K.C. Laudon J.C.Laudon Management Information System 10th Ed. Pearson International Edition.

The Violation of William Blakes Songs of Innocence Essay examples --

The Violation of Blake's Songs of Innocence      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Abstract: William Blake's Songs of Innocence contains a group of poetic works that the artist conceptualized as entering into a dialogue with each other and with the works in his companion work, Songs of Experience. He also saw each of the poems in Innocence as operating as part of an artistic whole creation that was encompassed by the poems and images on the plates he used to print these works. While Blake exercised a fanatical degree of control over his publications during his lifetime, after his death his poems became popular and were encountered without the contextual material that he intended to accompany them.    William Blake was probably more concerned than any other major Romantic author with the process of publication and its implications for the interpretation of his artistic creations. He paid a price for this degree of control over the process of printing, however: Blake lived in poverty and artistic obscurity throughout his entire life. Later, when his poems began to be distributed among a wider audience, they were frequently shorn of their original contexts. For William Blake, there has been a trade-off between the size of the audience he has reached and the degree of control he exerted over the publication process.    Blake was not satisfied merely to write poems and send them off to a publisher; instead, he designed illustrations to accompany his poems, engraved the poem-illustration works onto copper plates, printed the plates onto paper, and (when color was desired) colored the pages by hand, then bound the printed pages into volumes for sale. Blake was assisted in much of this work by his wife, Catherine, who had been illiterate when he ma... ...990. Hilton, Nelson. "William Blake, Songs of Innocence and of Experience" in The Blackwell Companion to Romanticism. Ed. Duncan Wu. Oxford: Blackwell, 1998. Online. Internet. 25 February 2000. Available http://virtual.park.uga.edu/~wblake/SONGS/begin/songs.html Hirsch, E. D., Jr. Innocence and Experience: An Introduction to Blake. Yale University Press: New Haven and London, 1964. Keynes, Sir Geoffrey. Introduction to William Blake's Songs of Innocence and of Experience. Shewing the Two Contrary States of the Human Soul. Ed. Geoffrey Keynes. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1967. Mason, Michael. Notes to William Blake: A Critical Edition of the Major Works. Ed. Michael Mason. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988. Stauffer, Andrew M. "The first known publication of Blake's poetry in America" in Notes and Queries v43, n1 (March, 1996): 41-43.

Law & Ethics Essay

BB General Partnership Dracca is able to seek recover from Silva Gray individually on the judgment for BB partnership because the partnership has not been incorporated. In a general partnership each individual can be sued for the full amount of the business debt. The partners cannot have personal interest within the partnership (Bagley & Savage, 2009 p. 729). If one partner incurs all of the debt, they can then sue the other partners for their parts of the debt. Within a Limited Liability Partnership these three items would differ from the general partnership. 1. Limited partners do not play an active role in the business 2. Limited partners are not personally liable 3. Limited partners face slightly different tax rules (NOLO) BB is not a formalized company under the laws of corporation and taxation, so in turn each individual can be held liable for the debt legally. However, Dracca should not have gone after Ms. Grey solely on a tip of her wealth. Business Judgment Rule The Business Judgment Rule states that as long as the board members have acted in good faith and meet the basic standards, there should not be a fear of prosecution when making decisions (Bagley & Savage, 2009 p. 801). To insure that the board of directors did not fault their duty of care and the Business Judgment Rule several items must be analyzed. 1. â€Å"Were the directors interested in the transaction?2. Did the directors act in good faith? 3. Did the directors act in a manner that cannot be attributed to a rational purpose? 4. Did the directors reach the decision by a negligent process?† (Bagley & Savage, 2009 p.801). The board must also consider their duty of care and duty of loyalty. Duty of care requires people involved in the company to make informed and reasonable decisions for the business. Duty of loyalty requires employees to act in good faith and in good interest of the company (Bagley & Savage, 2009 p. 799). In the case of Dracca vs. BB, the board did not act in good duty of care, duty of loyalty or use the Business Judgment Rule appropriately. The overall concept to obtain the debt from BB was an action of duty or care and loyalty to the company. However, the way the board of directors went about the retrieval of the debt was not the best method. By pursuing Ms. Gray off a ‘tip’ the fund backfired and the company incurred a lot of fees that might not of occurred if the pursue was planned correctly. The process of pursuing the money was neglected, fault number three in the Business Judgment rule. Employment Discrimination The accounting manager for Dracca overseeing the BB account, Martin Long had his pay and responsibilities decreased by Accounting Director Mary Smith. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) was developed to help employees against discrimination of age, sex, race, gender, national origin, disability, and religion (Bagley & Savage, 2009 p.466). In Martin Long’s case he left the company because Ms. Smith’s visual and vocal opinions. The opinions turned into harassment and eventually Long left the Firm. By vocalizing and placing visual signs Ms. Smith was creating a harsh work environment for employees. Long will be able to sue Dracca for employment discrimination and argue constructive discharge because there must be evidence of unpleasant working condition that it forces the employee to resign and the employer has not taken care of the complaint within 15 days of being informed of the issues. The harassment must be worse than Title VII (Runkel, n.d.). Dracca is responsible for Ms. Smith’s actions/discrimination against Long. Kate was fired after reporting to the EEOC the harassment from Ms. Smith. Kate should not of been fired for reporting the discrimination. Due to Dracca’s action upon firing Kate, the company seems to approve of Ms. Smith’s actions. The EEOC Compliance Manual states that the person filing the complaint is â€Å"protected against retaliation by a respondent for participating in the statutory complaint proceedings even if that complaint involved a different covered entity† (Igasaki, 1998). From the EEOC, Dracca would be held liable for Hernandez’s actions within the court system. Hernandez violated the EEOC Title VII discriminatory actions. The Title VII makes two theories clear to businesses. 1. The theory of disparate treatment and 2. The theory of disparate impact. Disparate treatment means that the plaintiff has to prove that the employer intentionally discriminated against him/her denying a benefit of employment (Bagley & Savage, 2009 p.471). Disparate impact is when employers make employment decisions based on selection, making employers complete test and evaluations. BFOQ stands for Bona Fide Occupational that an employer must prove that the type of person is not able to perform the job position. In this case, women with children were hired in order to sell the product. Dracca would have to prove that men were not able to perform the job. The BFOQ cannot be used as a defense when there is a preferred gender within the company. The following also apply. Usually BFOQ is not based on color and gender will not qualify when the 1. â€Å"Assumptions of the comparative employment characteristics of women in general, 2. Stereotyped characteristics of the sexes, and 3. The preferences of coworkers, employers or customers for one gender or the other (Bagley & Savage, 2009 p. 485). Conclusion After reviewing the case, I recommend the following 1. Dracca hire new board members with a focus on the business, and not a focus on money. The Board of Directors should be compiled of people that are business savvy and care about the firm and about the financials in a legal and ethical manner. By the Board leaning on a tip and not fact, the business incurred a lot of debt that could have been spent somewhere else within the firm. 2. Dracca should have a firmer hiring process where the prospects are asked to observe and manage for a day, or write out a list of goals, or how to hire people for certain positions. This could show some speculation to discrimination. Also, Dracca should be stricter on company policy regarding religion, politics, and harassment. If need be the company can have classes on what is and is not harassment within the workplace. In this case, it seems that Dracca turned a blind eye on Mr. Long. References Bagley, Savage (2009 Feb. 5). Managers and the Legal Environment: Strategies for the 21st Century, Retrieved from: http://online.vitalsource.com/books/1111439885/S3.2/25 Igasaki, P., (1998), The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, EEOC Directives Transmittal, Retrieved from: http://www.eeoc.gov/policy/docs/retal.htm Runkel, R. (n.d.), Constructive Discharge #9, Law Memo: First in Employment Law. Retrieved from: http://www.lawmemo.com/101/2005/12/constructive_di.html

How Can I end Violence in my School essays

How Can I end Violence in my School essays How Can I Help To End Violence In My School? Being from High School, I have not had the disadvantage of growing up in a violent school system. Although the school systems are quite calm, there is an occasional fight or argument. I believe that there are ways I can contribute to the fight against this violence in my school and I am ready to begin trying. A simple way that I could prevent violence in my school is to try to get along with my fellow classmates as well as the faculty. If everyone would do the same, violence in my school would be a thing of the past. It is a great idea to develop an honest and trusting relationship with the faculty of your school. The teachers, principals, and counselors are there for students whenever they need to talk or report something. A few examples of getting along with others are: thinking before you say something hurtful, even when it is not meant in that context, and treating others with respect as well as kindness. Another way to prevent violence in my school would be to report any suspicious behavior to my principal, teacher, or even programs such as "Crimestoppers". This is an excellent way to stop violence before it starts simply by letting an adult intervein. If you hear someone talking about a fight or any other incident which doesn't comply with the school rules don't be afraid to report the person's behavior. A final way in which to stop school violence is to accept diversity. No two people are the same. We all feel, think, and act differently. So what if we don't agree with everything everyone says? Who cares? It is certainly no reason for us to be violent toward each other. If we could learn to accept people for who they truly are, then we should have no problem with violence, not just in schools, but anywhere. In conclusion, I believe violence is a huge issue in schools. Every one of us has to do our share to resolve the ...

The Psychology of Deceit

The Psychology of Deceit Hashtag: #TypicalLies The Psychology of Deceit Everyone lies but the rate, objective, and extent of those lies vary among people. Many #TypicalLies are attempts to avoid punishment and they emerged during childhood (â€Å"No mom, I did not eat any cookies†) and continue into adulthood (â€Å"Officer please, I was only driving maybe 1 or 2 miles per hour over the speed limit†). People lie for many different reasons and the most typical include exploratory lying, bragging, make-believe, and cover-up. However, lies that aim to mislead or cover-up are the most serious and become more sophisticated as people get older. The study shows that majority of people lie to cover up past misdeeds or attempts to get out of some unpleasant situation. Some people lie through facial expression such as hiding their anger, fear, sadness, and distress through a smile. In fact, increased blinking, blushing, blanching, and facial sweating are signs of lying. White lies are falsehoods but often not intended to harm anyone. For instance, if your grandmother asks, â€Å"Did I knit your sweater too big?† most us might reply, â€Å"Oh, it’s perfect, I love roomy sweaters† just to avoid hurting her feelings. Similarly, we lie to uplift other people’s spirits through flattery such as â€Å"You look so sexy in that dress† to boost her confidence about the weight loss program. Intentional false statements are a moral issue but most people believe that trivial lies are beneficial. In fact, study shows that academic dishonesty in the form of white lies, altruistic lies, and trick lies are common in schools. Related articles: College Students Why Students Hate Monday? Why Some Students Hate Their Teacher? Students Right to Conscientious Objection   Helping Autistic Students Shine in Mainstream Classroom   White Lies in the Classroom â€Å"Do you understand?†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ Yes, mam!† Lying is a common occurrence in the classroom, as students tend to avoid social losses by hiding the truth. However, the most typical are lying about his or her understanding of the lesson, the real reason for not doing the assignment, and respond over an irritating reprimand with a poker face. Some students lie to avoid getting into trouble or doing additional tasks thus often responding with a â€Å"Yes Mam!† rather than telling the truth of his or her lack of knowledge. Similarly, it is far more convenient for students to lie about his assignment than to admit that he spent the night out with friends. Most students, regardless of rage over teacher’s reprimand respond with silence and a poker face. This according to the study of students learning and classroom behavior is the negative result of reinforcing classroom teaching with punishment. Punishment produces a rapid and significant behavioral effect and although such reinforcement can result in permanent suppression of potentially injurious behavior, it can lead to aggression, escapes, apathy, abuse, and imitation of those who punished them. An infuriated student with a poker face is trying to escape or avoid the source of punishment by cheating and lying about his true feelings. Similarly, a student saying ridiculous excuses like â€Å"The dog ate my assignment† or copying someone else’s homework is escaping the punishment by lying. Other students’ escape tactics include flattery, crying, and showing remorse. However, it is important to note that aggression becomes a viable alternative to cheating and lying when escape is no longer possible. In fact, aggression becomes all too common and not always directed to the source of injury such as vandalizing valuable school property and shooting rampage in worse cases.

Business Plan For Ex-Steam Boat Willie Entreprises Assignment

Business Plan For Ex-Steam Boat Willie Entreprises - Assignment Example Ex-steam boat is not expected to distribute cash, pay dividend to shareholders or share repurchases over the next five years as it expects to expand its activities and invest in all positive net present value (NPV) projects. One of the priorities will be, creating an online database for customer's interaction, queries, purchases and free-draw. Consequently, all profits will be re-invested into its expansion program (Opening of new stores, extending its product line) as well as any profitable venture that the company may come across supported by the shareholders. Based on feasibility studies, the partners, of Ex-steam has targeted the outskirt of London, (Luton) to be used as its administrative office, warehousing, design and production unit for online purchases. This area is unique because of its accessibility to other cities, and European countries. The partners intend to use the London Olympic to promote some of their brand, and to benefit from ancillary auxiliary activities and industry. Rent for the building stands at $10000 per annum for the first two years. Initial funding for the project is expected to be $1000,000. Of this amount, the principal shareholder has contributed 40%, that is, $400,000 while a bank loan of $600,000 has been secured to cover the remaining 60% of the funding requirements. One of the proprietors placed his three apartments flat as collateral for the loan. Sales for the first year are expected to amount to about $2000,000 and are expected to grow at an annual rate of 30%. Gross profit is expected to be $475,102 against which expenses for rents, depreciation of factory equipment, wages and salaries, overhead expenses and miscellaneous expenses will be charged. Expenses during the second, third, fourth and fifth year are expected to witness increases as the company plans to increase expenditure on advertising, research and development, staff, and office and factory equipment. More branches will be created within this period, to facilitate dispatch of goods and services. About 80% of sales will be generated online. To minimize theft, customer loyalty card will be provided, to facilitate online purchases. Constant growth is expected to come from an aggressive marketing strategy that will be adopted by the company. Ex-steam entreprises also expects to develop its strength base on its product quality, network of suppliers. The company will also do everything necessary to protect the environment it which it operates such as improving its waste management activities as well becoming ISO1400 certified. Objectives To open and operate a successful Ex-steam boat's online design production and marketing / distribution stores in the UK area market, employing three to fifteen employees in the first year. To make at least 1000 sales in the customer loyalty register and card within UK and European Union in the first year of operation. Achieve first year sales of $30000,000. Maintain an average gross margin of 25 percent. To produce a net profit of at least $4000,000 by the end of the third year of operation. 1.1Market Segmentation for Ex-steam boat Company The purpose of this section is to discuss the various ways through which the new markets for the

Management Information Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Management Information Systems - Essay Example etails of the problems encountered in the manually operated business, the current IT infrastructure, the business structure, the recommended IT infrastructure, a cost analysis of the recommended technology and the benefits and challenges in the implementation of the information system have been discussed in detail. Diblo Dairy Society is a business that buys and sells milk. Once the society implements a management information system, managers can easily make decisions that ensure the success of the business. Early in the morning, farmers bring their labelled milk cans that are full with milk to Diblo Dairy Society. The dairy society sets a price at which they will buy the milk from the farmers. The details of the farmer who brought the milk are recorded for instance his name and the number of litres he brought. The farmer is paid after tests have been done to make sure the milk is fresh and undiluted. If the milk is up to standard, Diblo Dairy Society records the amount of milk it has received from all the farmers in its inventory book. Diblo Dairy Society then distributes the milk to its dairies which sell milk to individuals at a profit. Milk is also sold to large companies that process and market milk and milk products. To ensure that the farmers, who are the suppliers, keep bringing milk to Diblo Dairy Society, benefits such as loans are provided. Diblo Dairy Society is headed by a Chief Executive Officer. A finance manager is in charge of all money related matters. The quality assurance manager is responsible for ensuring that the milk entering or leaving Diblo Dairy Society is fresh and up to the required standard. Diblo Dairy Society has 112 employees and therefore has a human resource manager who is responsible for recruiting staff, making sure that the employees are treated fairly, solving problems that may arise with the staff and compensating the employees for their labours. The sales and operations manager oversees the 15 attendants at Diblo Dairy

Theme and Narrative Elements in the Short Story Research Paper - 1

Theme and Narrative Elements in the Short Story - Research Paper Example Thus, Eudora Welty abruptly and effectively introduces the time of year (December) and the geographic location (the South) at the beginning section of the story, apart from identifying the main character, an old Negro woman (Phoenix Jackson). Setting plays a crucial role in Welty’s â€Å"A Worn Path† as it is effective in stimulating the reader’s imagination at the initial stage of the story. In fact, the opening five paragraphs of the story offer an introduction to the setting and the readers are carried away to the world of the narrative. â€Å"It was December—a bright frozen day in the early morning. Far out in the country there was an old Negro woman with her head tied red rag, coming along a path through the pinewoods. Her name was Phoenix Jackson.† (Welty, 1941). This is the way the author opens her story and a detailed description of the character follows in the succeeding sections. It is important to recognize that the setting of the story i s a rural, a cold, early morning in December in the South. A careful analysis of the setting of the story confirms that the storywriter effectively puts boundaries around the action when she introduces the South as the geographic location and December as the time of year in which the action occurs.

History of Mexican Revolution Essay Example for Free

History of Mexican Revolution Essay The novel transports readers to a ghost town on the desert plains in Mexico, and there it weaves together tales of passion, loss, and revenge. The village of Comala is populated by the wandering souls of former inhabitants, individuals not yet pure enough to enter heaven. Like the character Juan Preciado, who travels to Comala and suddenly finds himself confused, as readers we are not sure about what we see, hear, or understand. But the novel is enigmatic for other reasons. Since publication in 1955, the novel has come to define a style of writing in Mexico. Sparse language, echoes of orality, details heavy with meaning, and a fragmentary structure transformed the literary representation of rural life; instead of the social realism that had dominated in earlier decades, Rulfo created a quintessentially Mexican, modernist gothic.. The haunting effect of Pedro Paramo derives from the fitful story of Mexican modernity, a story that the novel tells in a way that more objective historical and sociological analyses cannot. As an aesthetic expression characterized by imaginative understanding, the novel explores Mexican social history of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The decadent remnants of a quasi-feudal social order, violent revolutions, and a dramatic exodus from the countryside to the city all gave rise to ghost towns across Mexico. Pedro Paramo tells the stories of three main characters: Juan Preciado, Pedro Paramo, and Susana San Juan. From the point of view of Juan Preciado, the novel is the story of a sons search for identity and retribution. Juans mother, Dolores Preciado, was Pedro Paramos wife. Although he does not bear his fathers name, Juan is Pedros only legitimate son. Juan has returned to Comala to claim [j]ust whats ours, as he had earlier promised his dying mother. Juan Preciado guides readers into the ghost story as he encounters the lost souls of Comala, sees apparitions, hears voices, and eventually suspects that he too is dead. We see through Juans eyes and hear with his ears the voices of those buried in the cemetery, a reading experience that evokes the poetic obituaries of Edgar Lee Masters Spoon River Anthology (1915). Along with Juan Preciado, readers piece together these fragments of lives to construct an image of Comala and its demise. Interspersed among the fragments recounting Juans story are flashbacks to the biography of Pedro Paramo. Pedro is the son of landowners who have seen better days. He also loves a young girl, Susana San Juan, with a desire that consumes his life into adulthood. I came to Comala because I had been told that my father, a man named Pedro Paramo, lived there. —page 3 Although the story line in these biographical fragments follows a generally chronological order, the duration of time is strangely distorted; brief textual passages that may read like conversational exchanges sometimes condense large historical periods. Moreover, the third-person narrative voice oscillates between two discursive registers. On the one hand, poetic passages of interior monologue capture Pedros love for Susana and his sensuality; on the other, more exterior descriptions and dialogues represent a domineering rancher determined to amass wealth and possessions. Within this alternation between the first- and third-person narrative voices, readers must listen for another voice and reconstruct a third story, that of Susana San Juan. We overhear bits of her tale through the ears of Juan Preciado, listening with him to the complaints that Susana—in her restless death—gives forth in the cemetery of Comala. I was thinking of you, Susana. Of the green hills. Of when we used to fly kits in the windy season. We could hear the sounds of life from the town below; we were high above on the hill, playing out string to the wind. Help me Susana. And soft hands would tighten on mine. Let out more string. —page 12 Poetic sections evoke her passion for another man, Florencio, and Pedro never becomes the object of Susanas affection. Juan Preciado, Pedro Paramo, and Susana San Juan are all haunted by ghosts; in turn, they become ghosts who haunt the realities of others. They say that when people from there die and go to hell, they come back for a blanket. —page 6 Although as readers we have the sense of lives once lived by these characters, they emerge for us as phantasms, as partially known presences who are not immediately intelligible and who linger with inexplicable tenacity. Reading Pedro Paramo creates a transformative recognition of Mexicos move toward modernity in the early twentieth century; more than the objective lessons learned from social and cultural history, as a novel, Pedro Paramo produces a structure of feeling for readers that immerses us through the experience of haunting. As ghosts, Pedro, Susana, and Juan point outward to the social context of Mexico in the difficult movement toward modernization, toward social arrangements that never completely die as a newer social order is established. Pedros accumulation of land as a rancher harks back to the trends of capital accumulation during the benign dictatorship of President Porfirio Diaz (1876-1911). The Porfiriato strove to modernize the nation through the development of infrastructure and investment; it allowed for anomalies such as the creation of the Media Luna ranch and strong local power brokers such as Pedro Paramo who shared the interests of the elite and helped maintain a thinly veiled feudal social order. Within this context, Susana San Juan and other individuals murmur their complaints in ghostly whispers. Indeed, at one point, Rulfo planned to call the novel Los murmullos—the murmurs. Speaking in the streets of Comala, overheard in dreams, and groaning in the cemetery, these spectral murmurs bespeak a reality hidden beneath the facade of Porfirian progress. The Mexican Revolution of 1910-1920 gave expression to repressed peasants—the campesinos of rural Mexico—and put an end to the Porfiriato. Susana San Juan, in turn, reveals the repressed role of women in a patriarchal order. In this world women are chattel and ranch-owners can forcibly populate the countryside with bastard children by asserting feudal rights to the bodies of peasant women living on their lands. Peasant revolutionaries and Susana San Juan as well are all manipulated by Pedro Paramo. He can force events to keep them all in the places where he would have them, but he cannot control their desires and their pleasures. The peasants celebrate festivals, and after the revolution they eventually rebel again by participating in the Cristero Revolt of 1926-1929. Susana suffers guilt and remembers pleasure in evocative passages that underscore her erotic ties to Florencio, a man unknown to others in the novel, perhaps a dead soldier from the revolution, the man Pedro would have had to be in order to have Susanas love. The sky was crowded with fat, swollen stars. The moon had come out for a little while and then vanished. It was one of those sad moons that nobody looks at or even notices. It hung there for a little while, pale and disfigured, and then hid itself behind the mountains. -Juan Rulfo References Carol Clark DLugo, The Fragmented Novel in Mexico: The Politics of Form (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1997), 70-81. Patrick Dove, Exigele lo nuestro: Deconstruction, Restitution and the Demand of Speech in Pedro Paramo, Journal of Latin American Cultural Studies 10. 1 (2001): 25-44,

Recall Crisis Of Toyota Motor Corporation

Recall Crisis Of Toyota Motor Corporation Enclosed is a copy of Recall Crisis of Toyota Motor Corporation. This report summarizes on the major causes of the Recall Crisis, its aftermath on the company and recommendations to help the company recover from the crisis. It describes the issues and problems which our company is facing while recalling automobiles with manufacturing defects. It also describes the customer concerns regarding their safety and future choice of Toyota for themselves. It also discusses how the crisis is posing threat on its reputation and market expansion strategies in future. This report implements some recommendations to overcome the crisis. The report presents detailed analysis of the causes of the various manufacturing defects in automobiles. Analysis helps to look deeply and elaborately into the reasons rather than only understanding their overview. The recommendations in the report emphasizes on adapting strategies which will help us to resume our brand image as one of the best regarded automobile brand in the world for quality and safety . It also included measures we need to follow to overcome the financial losses incurred during the crisis. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report provides detailed analysis and evaluations of the automobile recall crisis at Toyota Motor Corp Ltd during the year 2010 2011. It brings to focus the manufacturing defects which caused financial loss of around US $ 5.5 billion and setback to its brand image. Method of analysis used is secondary data research. Data was obtained from diverse sources to understand the affect of crisis in various sectors of market. The report seeks attention to the year 2009 2010, when accidents were initially reported in North America but eventually it spread to other countries in the world. The manufacturing defects caused sudden unintended acceleration making driver of the car lose the control. Initially the company considered floor mats as the only cause of the accidents but as more accidents were reported from other parts of Europe, it was understood that scenario is not as simple as it seemed and it needed detailed analysis. The major manufacturing defects identified were sticky gas pedals, floor mats and brake problems. The report has critical analysis of these key issues and problems and it explains the reasons of these defects. During the year 2009 2011 the company and its suppliers had suffered heavy monetary losses. Also Toyota is struggling to regain its brand value which has surpassed its 70 year old history. The report suggests possible measures that can be taken from immediate effect to help the company recover from the crisis. The company should setup small team to quickly research, design the fix and retest them . It should opt for software upgradation which would ensure drivers safety by forcefully shutting down the engine in the events of unpredictable manufacturing defects similar to unintended acceleration. Company also needs to have effective crisis management team and processes defined .Being a global company it is always at risk of some crisis so it should have defined process to follow during those times which would help minimise the after affects of the crisis . Also, future plans of rapid market expansion should be carefully designed in way that they secure its brand image alongside of market expansion. These recommendations if successfully implemented will be helpful to overcome the present crisis and also prepare the company to brave any future crisis. INTRODUCTION The purpose of this report is to familiarise the Toyotas management group about the various issues which company is facing due to Recall crisis. The report is being presented to CEO of Toyota Group. The facts and figures provided in the report for recall crisis are part of secondary data information. This data is mostly the one which has been shared with public by social media since the crisis started. This report emphasises on the manufacturing defects in the top world class brands of Toyotas cars. These defects were brought into light only after many fatal accidents were reported across Europe. These sequence of events badly affected companys image and customers trust in its products. Delayed response and public interaction of made the situation worse. As the pressure mounted, in addition to the recall of millions of cars the production was stopped in the plants across the affected countries. The report also includes company background and its historical rise to be the largest company in the world. Management has been given recommendations and their corresponding implementations which will help company to get over the crisis and resume profitability. COMPANY BACKGROUND Toyota Motor Corporation is globally recognised as Automaker Market leader. In 2008 it overtook General Motors Corp to become worlds largest automaker with production of 4.8 million of cars and trucks. This is remarkable achievement for the organisation which survived Second World War and its after affects of severe economic crisis and resource scarcity. Toyotas uniquely designed management philosophy of Toyota Production System or TPS is the key contributor in its success. Toyota not only inspired the world with its innovative designs but also with its management philosophy .TPS has been adapted by many western companies. The company history is 70 years old, it was founded by Sakichi Toyoda in Japan in 1937. Toyota City, Aichi is the company headquarter, while its manufacturing business is distributed throughout the world in about 27 countries. Toyotas primary business segment is automotive design, manufacture and sales.It has also diversified in financial services and robotics segments. Initially small cars were the primary products with the first one launched in 1947 .During this time Toyota was battling with post war conditions while on the other side American companies were concentrating on manufacturing medium and large sized cars. In the following years Toyota focussed on innovation and technology and soon it started producing vehicles with conventional engine and hybrid engines. Its product line-up includes subcompact and compact cars, mini-vehicles, mid-size, luxury, sports and specialty cars, recreational and sport-utility vehicles, pickup trucks, minivans, trucks and buses. Toyotas models like Toyota Prius, Camry, Corolla, Land cruisers, Lexus have established themselves as global brand image. Key Issues / Problems: In August 2009 Toyota Motor Corp had to recall 3.8 million vehicles in US after fatal accident of Lexus ES 350 was reported in South California .Initially the company reported it as a problem with ill fitting floor mats but by 2010 many more accidents were reported across US, Europe ,Canada and there were 13 separate recalls in all . During the initial investigation the company reported the cause to be incorrect installation of floor mats and announced recalling of floor mats on 4.2 million Toyota and Lexus vehicles. The company appealed customers to remove floor mats and dislodge them in trunk while the dealers were instructed to reinstall the floor mats so that they no longer interfered with gas pedals. But floor mats were not supposed to be the only manufacturing defects because in December 2009 Toyota Avalon crash was reported where floor mats were found in the trunk of car. Toyota announced the issue to be unrelated to floor mats and recalled another 2.3 million vehicles. In the next 5 days of recall announcement company had to shut down its five North American plants .This cost the company and its dealers loss in profit of $ 1.5 million every week. As the company looked into the possible causes of accidents in its products, it announced recall of many other models like Toyota Venza, Toyota Highlander and Pontiac Vibe. Vehicle Sales comparison graph 2006 -2010: Significant reduced sales from 2009-10 (Source:Toyota Annual Report ,2010,pg 36) Revenues by Market 2010: Significant reduction in revenue from North America and Europe region during 2009-10(Source:Toyota Annual Report ,2010,pg 39) The three key manufacturing defects which caused accidents due to sudden unintended acceleration in Toyota automobiles were: Accelerator pedals trapped by floor mats. Accelerator pedals with poor design problems causing them to stick. Prius brake problems. The accidents continued for next few months after the companys claim of having fixed floor- mat issues. Toyota realised the gravity of issue and in addition to recalling the vehicles of few models it was forced to shut down production of top 8 selling brands in US, Canada and Europe. The neglected responsibility by the Toyota groups leadership during the massive recall of cars tarnished its brand image. Toyota did not act responsibly towards the accidents. They considered the failure cause as just the floor mats and failed to look into other possibilities of the accidents. The alert notices were sent to the customers informing them of upcoming recall of vehicles to fix the unintended acceleration issue , but they titled the letters as No defects exist. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) in US , governments arm for road safety, was investigating the fatal accident of Toyota vehicle and did not accept Toyotas approach of handling the crisis .It conducted major press release and called the companys steps as irresponsible and the floor mat cause as just a provisional step. Meanwhile media brought up some unknown facts for the public, they reported that there had been numerous complaints of unintended acceleration filed by the drivers in past decade. There were also reports of some lawsuits being settled for undisclosed amount of money. These investigations had been under NHTSA control with no reports or findings published for customers. For one of model of Toyota, Camry 2006, NHTSA had asked Toyota to look into issue which in turn Toyota delegated to its supplier. With new reporting of accidents of Toyota from 2009, NHTSA was pulled up for its soft support to the company and keeping the complaints of last 8 years under cover. Thus NHTSA came up offensively against the company while investigating the accidents happened in 2009 2010 and revealed its findings through public media. These sequence of events badly affected Toyotas reputation globally. Brand Finance worlds leading brand valuation consultancy downgraded Toyotas value from AAArating and a value of $ 12billion to A rating with value of $ 24 billion. (Cited http://blogs.motortrend.com/the-toyota-recalls-the-damage-control-finally-starts-2546.html, 3 December 2011) Future marketing and production of new innovative automobiles by Toyota Motor Corp is great concern. The company has to recover its lost trust before designing and launching new cars in market. Though the crisis was only related to Toyota, it affected the global automotive industry because it made the customers over concerned about their safety and they would no longer relate their security to brand image. The various issues and problems of Toyota Motor Corp are listed above in the report. I would like to address the key issues of the Toyotas recall crisis.These would be the manufacturing and quality defects, damage to brand image and unaccountability of the management. CRITICAL ANALYSIS In 1995 under the leadership of new president, Hiorshi Okuda, Toyota started new market expansion strategy called 2005 vision. The target was set to increase global market share from 7.3% in 1995 to 10% in decade but this was achieved in 1998 when it reached 9.7% .The target was extended to 15% in 2010. This is supported by Cole, E,R. (2011). What Really Happened to Toyota?.MIT Sloan Mnagement Review 52(4), 32. This new strategy was quite different from Toyotas traditional strategy in past decades. It focussed on providing quality product to its customers than to increase its sales and customer count. The expansion required involvement of more suppliers to provide auto parts .These new suppliers were mostly not from Japan and did not belong to companys usual supplier network. But the company was falling short of engineers who could supervise the products of new suppliers to see Toyota standards were still maintained. Toyota had over decades build strong supplier network and these suppliers were involved in product development to ensure that they are aware of quality standards Toyotas customers expected. To develop new designs contract engineers were roped in and 30% of global development work was done by them. Also design cycles were accelerated and time between exterior design approval and start of sales was compressed to less than 20 months. The new suppliers did not have opportunities to follow Toyota Way.Toyota Way is based on vision and values of Toyota like continuous improvement through innovation, respect for others and teamwork. The Product Complexity also causes quality issues and this is more common in automobile industry where demand for luxury products is growing .The automakers of luxury cars focus on continuous improvement of technology in every new product they launch. Other reasons for product complexity are stricter government regulations on emissions and fuel consumption, increased competition in the industry and high demand of comfortable luxury automobiles. Crisis Management: Organisations these days are well aware that crisis cannot be predicted and none of the companies can think of themselves to be resistant to crisis. Enron, 9/11, tsunami these provide examples of the various forms in which crisis can strike. Here comes the significance of Crisis Management Program .Ineffective handling of crisis by company severely affects its brand ,operation, finance performance and customer loyalty , in short it affects it reputation as whole. Crisis Communication is crucial part of Crisis Management Program. Absence or neglect of adequate communication during crisis leads to: Operational response breaks down Stakeholders do not get clear picture of what is happening and have confused and negative perceptions. Organisation can be perceived to be inept or criminally negligent. The slow leakage of information to customers is confusing and annoying to them and this happens when companies do not organise disclosure to their customers during crisis. Toyota Motor Corp during the recall crisis suffered huge setback on its reputation due to unorganised crisis management plan. During this time social media as part of their duty was updating the public regarding the recalls happening, models affected and risk to public safety. On the other hand Toyota was hesitant to address publicly the issues. Toyotas President , Akio Toyoda , took long time about six months to admit to its customers We are in Crisis in public apology. This delay caused major harm to companys reputation. During crisis consumers and other stakeholders like dealers ,vendors look for evidences that company is committed to resolve the issues , safeguard consumers interests and be interested to get back on track of growth .This elevates trust and confidence of stakeholders in the company . An example of effective crisis communication was noticed few years back during recall crisis of automaker Ford. 2000 cars were recalled of popular brand Explorer due to defective firestone tire which caused deadly crashes. Jacques Nasser , the then CEO of Ford communicated to his consumers directly through newspapers , TV advertisements etc. He briefed them about problem and also repeated the assurances that issue would be resolved soon .Accurate timing ,response and sincerity are vital for successful crisis management. In todays world of digital media, crisis communication needs to be spread out on all digital fronts social media, blogs and company websites. Toyota could have utilised popular social networks facebook and twitter. Thousands of its fans following on these channels could have been easily communicated by the organisation about the extent of crisis control and safety measures taken for consumers. CONCLUSION This report on Recall Crisis of Toyota Motor Corp can be summarised with key findings and their causes, followed by the recommendations and implementation plan. The findings show in the later period of year 2009 that various incidents were reported of fatal accidents in North America and Europe. These were caused basically due to either of three manufacturing errors -pedals trapped by floor mats , sticky pedals and brakes problems of Prius model. According to critical analysis of key issues in this report, there were various factors over the years which lead to manufacturing defects and ineffective crisis management. These factors had been ignored by the organisation as it focussed primarily on the vision of being leading automaker of the world. As the organisation expanded into new markets to increase its sales it did not keep up with its traditional policies also known as Toyota Way. The organisations negligence towards efficient crisis management system hampered its ability to effectively follow up on the accidents at appropriate time. The recommendations and implementation plan followed up in the report will help the organisation to recover its loses and also regain its brand image for future endeavours. RECOMMENDATIONS AND IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Below are mentioned some recommendations I would like to provide, to help Toyota overcome the recall crisis, restore its brand image and recover losses by resuming its profitable production. Firstly, Toyota should find out the durable fix for sticky gas pedals for different models of its cars. Secondly, the company should preferably provide a software upgradation in its different existing models of automobiles and also the new upcoming models. Thirdly, Toyota should have functional risk management team or crisis management team. The company can also bond with other companies who provide support for crisis management. Toyota can outsource this operation to well acclaimed company. Lastly, Aggressive growth strategies should be well planned by the management. The above recommendations can be implemented in following ways: Toyota should setup small team to research and design the fixes for the issue. Team should include engineers, who have helped previously in designing various models at Toyota and the suppliers. Suppliers should work closely with the team so that they are aware of the processes to follow while designing autoparts. The company should ensure exhaustive test for the fixes before releasing it to consumer market. The software is to empower the drivers so that they have alternatives in situations of any failures in future. Some of automobile manufacturers are already using similar kind of softwares in electronic throttle bodies. Their purpose is to interrupt the flow of gasoline to engine when driver steps on pedal brakes while gas pedal is stuck. This will prevent fatality in case of similar manufacturing defects happen in future. Company can look to similar softwares already begin used by other major automakers in the world and then design / customise for their automobiles. The software upgradation is better than providing repairs for the sticky gas pedal because automobiles have thousands of components and usually the problems occurs due to interaction between different components .These are quite difficult to identify during their testing .So in case repairs are done to fix the issue by adding or removing some component parts , car will also have the upgraded software system which will allow to cut fuel supply if self intended acceleration occurs again with new repairs. It has been witnessed that most of the global historic crisis could not be predicted before its impact was actually realised. Crisis management team should include experts from all working domains of the company that is engineering, marketing, finance etc .The team members should be well trained to act decisively and quickly. Effective and timely actions are very important to recover from crisis. During the recall crisis Toyota interacted with public quite late while the social media was communicating daily with public on crisis follow up .This made the consumers doubt the company if it was really was concerned about their safety and also if company had any resolution for the crisis. While the company focuses on extensive market expansion globally and increasing production multiple times , it should also give equal importance to policies and strategies it had been following since decades. Quality and reliability were the two key things which had helped build Toyota in these many years but while it aimed to become top automaker in the world , not much importance was given to them. During the growth of an organisation its supplier chain is very crucial as its needed to join hands with new suppliers in new locations. Toyota should ensure the suppliers are familiar with its processes and standards as defined in Toyota Way.